The ‘third tier’ of globalization
Author: Michal Lyons, Alison Brown, Zhigang Li.
Lyons, Michal and Brown, Alison and Li, Zhigang. 2008. "The ‘third tier’ of globalization." City 12 (2): 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1080/13604810802167036
In recent years, China’s major trading cities have witnessed rapid social, cultural and physical change which has accompanied the country’s boom in manufacturing and exports. A small but increasingly significant element of this growth has been the China–Africa trade in small‐scale manufactured goods. The opening of China’s economy has created new spaces for migrant entrepreneurs capturing a share of international value chains, transforming social and business relations, and reconfiguring urban space. This paper draws on a pilot study by the authors of African migrants in Guangzhou in 2007, active in the exports to the African sub‐continent. Findings challenge established models of global city growth, identifying the collective importance of individual entrepreneurs in promoting a trade which has significant impacts on African cities, while creating new interactions with identifiable, distinctive and unanticipated impacts on this dynamic host city.Published: July 1, 2008Typ: journalArticleISSN: 1360-4813